Unit 1: Concept of Health and Disease
1.1. Concept of Health
1.1.1. Introduction
1.1.2. Dimensions of Health
1.1.2.1. Physical Health
1.1.2.2. Mental Health
1.1.2.3. Social Health
1.1.2.4. Spiritual Health
1.1.3. Determinants of Health
1.2. Concepts of Public Health
1.2.1. Introduction and Definition
1.2.2. Historical Perspectives
1.2.3. Prevention and Public Health
1.2.4. Evaluation of Public Health
1.3. Concept of Disease
1.3.1. Introduction
1.3.2. Natural History of Diseases
1.3.2.1. Phases of Natural History
1.3.2.2. Theories of Disease Causation
1.3.3. The Disease-Causing Agents
1.3.4. Social Causes of Diseases
1.3.5. Social Problems of the Sick
1.4. Concept of Prevention of Diseases
1.4.1. Introduction
1.4.2. Levels of Prevention
1.4.2.1. Primordial Prevention
1.4.2.2. Primary Prevention (Pre-Pathogenesis)
1.4.2.3. Secondary Prevention (Initial Stage of Pathogenesis)
1.4.2.4. Tertiary Prevention (Late Stage of Pathogenesis)
1.4.3. Approaches to Prevention
1.4.3.1. High-Risk Strategy
1.4.3.2. Mass Strategy
1.5. Concept of Control of Diseases
1.5.1. Introduction
1.5.2. Disease Elimination
1.5.3. Disease Eradication
1.5.4. Monitoring
1.5.5. Surveillance
1.5.6. Evaluation of Control
1.6. Summary
1.7. Exercise
Unit 2: Social and Health Education
2.1. Food, Nutrition, and Health
2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. Food in Relation to Nutrition and Health
2.1.3. Classification of Foods
2.2. Balanced Diet
2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Nutritional Requirements
2.2.3. Recommended Dietary Allowance
2.2.4. Food Guide Pyramid
2.3. Nutritional Deficiencies
2.3.1. Introduction
2.3.2. Protein Deficiency
2.3.3. Vitamin Deficiency
2.3.4. Mineral Deficiency
2.3.5. Malnutrition and Its Prevention
2.4. Summary
2.5. Exercise
Unit 3: Sociology and Health
3.1. Sociology and Health
3.1.1. Introduction
3.1.2. Socio-Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease
3.1.2.1. Concept of Etiology and Cure
3.1.2.2. Environmental Sanitation
3.1.2.3. Food Habits
3.1.2.4. Mother and Child Health
3.1.2.5. Personal Hygiene
3.1.2.6. Sex and Marriage
3.2. Impact of Urbanization on Health and Disease
3.2.1. Introduction
3.2.2. Infectious Disease Prevalence
3.2.3. Non-Communicable Disease Prevalence
3.2.4. Substance Abuse
3.2.5. Road Traffic Accidents, Injuries, Violence, and Crime
3.2.6. Housing, Security, and Sanitation
3.2.7. Water, Food, and Nutrition Crisis
3.2.8. Indoor, Outdoor Pollution, and Climate Change
3.2.9. Social Services and Environment
3.3. Poverty and Health
3.3.1. Introduction
3.3.2. Rationale for Investing in the Health of the Poor
3.3.3. Pro-Poor Health Approach
3.3.4. Reproductive Health and Poverty Reduction
3.3. Summary
3.4. Exercise
Unit 4: Hygiene and Health
4.1. Hygiene and Health
4.1.1. Introduction
4.1.2. Personal Hygiene
4.1.3. Domestic Hygiene
4.1.4. Community Hygiene
4.1.5. Environmental Hygiene
4.1.6. Avoidable Habits
4.2. Concept of Health Care
4.2.1. Introduction
4.2.2. Health System
4.2.3. Levels of Health Care
4.2.3.1. Primary Care Level
4.2.3.2. Secondary Care Level
4.2.3.3. Tertiary Care Level
4.2.4. Changing Concepts
4.2.4.1. Comprehensive Health Care
4.2.4.2. Basic Health Services
4.2.4.3. Primary Health Care
4.3. Summary
4.4. Exercise
Unit 5: Preventive Medicine - I
5.1. Preventive Medicine - I
5.1.1. Introduction
5.1.2. Communicable Diseases
5.1.3. Classification of Communicable Diseases
5.2. Cholera
5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Causative Agent
5.2.3. Mode of Transmission
5.2.4. Symptoms
5.2.5. General Principles of Prevention
5.2.6. General Principles of Control
5.3. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
5.3.1. Introduction
5.3.2. Causative Agent
5.3.3. Mode of Transmission
5.3.4. Symptoms
5.3.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.4. Ebola Virus
5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Causative Agent
5.4.3. Mode of Transmission
5.4.4. Symptoms
5.4.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.5. Influenza
5.5.1. Introduction
5.5.2. Causative Agent
5.5.3. Mode of Transmission
5.5.4. Symptoms
5.5.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.6. Acute Respiratory Infections
5.6.1. Introduction
5.6.2. Mode of Transmission
5.6.3. Symptoms
5.6.4 General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.7. Malaria
5.7.1. Introduction
5.7.2. Causative Agents
5.7.3. Mode of Transmission
5.7.4. Symptoms
5.7.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.8. Chicken Guinea
5.8.1. Introduction
5.8.2. Causative Agent
5.8.3. Symptoms
5.8.4: General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.9. Dengue
5.9.1. Introduction
5.9.2. Causative Agent
5.9.3. Mode of Transmission
5.9.4. Symptoms
5.9.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.10. Lymphatic Filariasis
5.10.1. Introduction
5.10.2. Causative Agent
5.10.3. Mode of Transmission
5.10.4. Symptoms
5.10.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.11. Pneumonia
5.11.1. Introduction
5.11.2. Causative Agent
5.11.3. Mode of Transmission
5.11.4. Symptoms
5.11.5. General Principles of Prevention and Control
5.12. Summary
5.13. Exercise
Unit 6: Preventive Medicine—II
6.1. Preventive Medicine - II
6.1.1. Non-Communicable Diseases
6.2. Hypertension
6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Causative Agents
6.2.3. Symptoms
6.2.4. General Principles of Prevention and Control
6.3. diabetes mellitus
6.3.1. Introduction
6.3.2. Causative Agents
6.3.3. Symptoms
6.3.4 General Principles of Prevention and Control
6.4. Cancer
6.4.1. Introduction
6.4.2. Causative Agents
6.4.3. Symptoms
6.4.4. General Principles of Prevention and Control
6.5. Drug Addiction—Drug Substance Abuse
6.5.1. Introduction
6.5.2. Causes
6.5.3. Symptoms
6.5.4. General Principles of Prevention and Control
6.6. Summary
6.7. Exercise
Unit 7: National Health Programs - I
7.1. National Health Programs
7.1.1. Introduction
7.1.2. Individual Programs
7.2. HIV and AIDS Control Program
7.2.1. Introduction
7.2.2. Objectives
7.2.3. Functioning and Outcome
7.2.3.1. Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres (ICTC)
7.2.3.2. Prevention of Parent-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PPTCT)
7.2.3.3. HIV/Tuberculosis Collaborative Activities
7.2.4. Care, Support, and Treatment (CST)
7.2.4.1. First-Line ART
7.2.4.2. Alternative First-Line ART
7.2.4.3. Second-Line ART
7.2.4.4. National Paediatric HIV/AIDS Initiative
7.2.4.5. Pediatric Second-Line ART
7.2.4.6. Early Infant Diagnosis
7.2.4.7. Targeted Interventions (TI) for High-Risk Groups
7.2.4.8. STD Control Programme
7.2.4.9. Pre-Packed STI/RTI Color-Coded Kits
7.3. National Tuberculosis Program (NTP)
7.3.1. Introduction
7.3.2. Objectives
7.3.3. Organization
7.3.4. Functioning and Outcome
7.3.4.1. Pediatric Tuberculosis
7.3.4.2. Drug Resistance Surveillance (DRS) under RNTCP
7.3.4.3 Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant TB (PMDT)
7.4. Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)
7.4.1. Introduction
7.4.2. Objectives
7.4.3. Organization Structure
7.4.4. Functioning and Outcome
7.4.4.1. Diseases Under the Surveillance Project
7.4.4.2. Syndromes Under Surveillance
7.4.4.3. Methods of Surveillance
7.4.4.4. Collection and Transmission of Data
7.4.4.5. Feedback and Sharing Information
7.4.4.6. Analysis
7.4.4.7. Response to the Surveillance Information
7.5. National Leprosy Control Programme (NLCP)
7.5.1. Introduction
7.5.2. Objectives
7.5.3. Functioning and Outcome
7.5.3.1. Disability Prevention and Medical Rehabilitation (DPMR)
7.5.3.2 Services in the Urban Areas
7.5.3.3. ASHA Involvement
7.5.3.4. Incentive to Patient
7.6. National Mental Health Program (NMHP)
7.6.1. Introduction
7.6.2. Objectives
7.6.3. Puncturing and Outcome
7.7. National Program for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)
7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. Objectives
7.7.3. Functioning and Outcome
7.7.3.1. Ear Screening Camps
7.7.3.2. Treatment
7.7.3.3. Rehabilitation and Hearing Aid Provision
7.8. National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)
7.8.1. Introduction
7.8.2. Objectives
7.8.3. Functioning and Outcome
7.9. Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
7.9.1. Introduction
7.9.2. Objectives
7.9.3. Pulse Polio Programme
7.9.4. Hepatitis-B Vaccine
7.9.5. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine
7.9.6. Measles Vaccine Second Opportunity
7.9.7. Pentavalent Vaccine (DPT + Hep-B + Hib)
7.9.8. Mission Indradhanush
7.10. Summary
7.11. Exercise
Unit 8: National Health Programs—II
8.1. National Health Intervention Programme for Mother and Child
8.1.1. Introduction
8.1.2. Objectives
8.1.3. Functioning and Outcome
8.1.3.1. Pre-Conceptual
8.1.3.2. Antenatal Care
8.1.3.3. Natal Care
8.1.3.4. Postnatal Care
8.1.3.5. Family Planning
8.1.3.6. Infant Care
8.1.3.7. Preschool or Toddler Care
8.1.3.8. School Health Services
8.1.3.9. Care of the Handicapped
8.2. National Family Welfare Programme
8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Objectives
8.2.3. Functioning and Outcome
8.2.3.1. Motivation of Eligible Couples
8.2.3.2. Contraceptive Methods
8.3. Summary
8.4. Exercise
Unit 9: National Health Programs—III
9.1. National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP)
9.1.1. Introduction
9.1.2. Objectives
9.1.3. Functioning and Outcome
9.2. National Malaria Prevention Program
9.2.1. Introduction
9.2.2. Objectives
9.2.3. Functioning and Outcome
9.2.3.1. Surveillance and Case Detection
9.2.3.2. Sentinel Surveillance
9.2.3.3. Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria
9.3. (NPHCE) National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly
9.3.1. Introduction
9.3.2. Objectives
9.3.3. Functioning and Outcome
9.4. Social Health Program
9.4.1. Introduction
9.4.2. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke (NPCDCS)
9.4.3. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)
9.4.4. Capacity Building for Developing Trauma Care Facilities in Government Hospitals
9.4.5. National Programme on Prevention and Management of Burn Injuries (NPPMBI)
9.4.6. National Organ Transplant Programme (NOTP)
9.5. Role of WHO in Indian National Program
9.5.1. Medical Rehabilitation (Nov. 1963–Feb. 1964; April–June 1967; Feb.–June 1969; UNICEF Oct. 1969; June 1970)
9.5.2. Nursing Administration (July 1968 - Dec. 1976)
9.5.3. National Institute of Health Administration and Education (NIHAE) (Sept. 1965–May 1967; March 1968; Dec. 1968–Jan. 1971; Nov. 1971; Jan. 1973)
9.5.4. Development of Community Health Nursing Services (April 1975)
9.5.5. Strengthening of Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Preventive and Social Medicine in Indian Medical UNICEF Colleges (Aug. 1958)
9.5.6. Strengthening of the Teaching of Human Reproduction, UNFPA Family Planning, and Population Dynamics in Medical Colleges (May - Sept. 1971; Dec. 1971; April 1973)
9.5.7. Applied Nutrition Programme (Oct. 1964)
9.5.8. Training of Dieticians (Dec. 1974)
9.5.9. Nutrition Training (Dec. 1970; May 1971; July-Sept. 1973; Jan.-Feb. 1974; Sept. 1974; Dec. 1974-Jan. 1975)
9.6. Summary
9.7. Exercise
Unit 10: Community Services in Rural, Urban, and School Health
10.1. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
10.1.1. Introduction
10.1.2. Plan of Action to Strengthen Infrastructure
10.1.3. Improvement in Rural Sanitation—Rural Sanitation Programs
10.1.3.1. Planning for Rural Sanitation
10.1.3.2. Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP)
10.1.3.3. Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
10.2. National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)—
10.2.1. Introduction
10.2.2. Urban Health Care Facilities
10.3. Health Promotion and Education in School
10.3.1. Components of Health Promotion
10.3.2. Disease Prevention Strategies
10.4. Primary Health Care (PHC)
10.4.1. Introduction
10.4.2. Characteristics of PHC
10.4.3. Components of PHC
10.4.4. Functions of PHC
10.4.4.1. Medical Care, Referral, and Laboratory Services
10.4.4.2. Control of Communicable Diseases
10.4.4.3. Environmental Sanitation and Safe Water Supply
10.4.4.4. MCH Services
10.4.4.5. Family Planning
10.4.4.6. School Health Service
10.4.4.7. Health Education 2
10.4.4.8. Vital Statistics
10.4.4.9. National Health Programs
10.4.4.10. Training of Personnel
10.5. Summary
10.6. Exercise