INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY LABORATORY AND WORKING TECHNIQUES
INDEX—PARTICULARS OF THE EXPERIMENT PERFORMED
SECTION A - BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
1. To cut a glass tube or a glass rod and round off its edges.
2. To bend a glass tube at a certain angle.
3. To draw a jet from a glass tube.
4. To bore a hole in a cork.
SECTION B - CHARACTERIZATION AND PURIFICATION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
1. To determine the melting point of the given solid organic compound.
2. To determine the boiling point of a given organic liquid.
3. To prepare the crystals of potash alum [K₂SO₄ . Al₂(SO₄)₃ . 24H₂O] from the crude sample.
4. To prepare the crystals of copper sulfate (CuSO4 .5H2O) from the given impure sample of blue vitriol.
5. To prepare the crystals of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) from the given impure sample of benzoic acid.
SECTION C - EXPERIMENTS BASED ON pH
1. To determine the pH values of the given sample (1) lemon juice, (2) tomato juice, (3) milk, (4) vinegar, and (5) common salt solution and solutions of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases, and salts using pH change in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base using universal indicator solution.
2. To compare the pH of the solutions of strong and weak acids of the same concentration.
3. To study the pH change in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base using universal indicator solution.
4. To study the pH change by common ion effect in the case of weak acids and weak bases.
SECTION D - CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
1. To study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing the concentration of either of the ions.
2. To study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and CI- by changing the concentration of either of the ions.
SECTION E - QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION
1. Preparation of a standard solution of oxalic acid.
2. Determination of the strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against a standard solution of oxalic acid.
3. Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate.
4. Determination of the strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against a 0.1 M sodium carbonate solution.
SECTION F - QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
1. To detect the presence of one cation and one anion in the given salt.
2. To detect the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine in the given organic compound.
INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS
APPENDIX
LOGARITHM TABLES AND ANTILOGARITHM
