Name: Cell Biology
Brand: Amit Book Depot
Price: 398 INR
Availability: InStock

Cell Biology

by Madhurima

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Q1

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

A1

The nucleus houses genetic material (DNA), controls gene expression, regulates cell metabolism, and directs ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis during cell growth and division.
Q2

How does DNA replication ensure genetic continuity?

A2

Through semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand, preserving the exact sequence of genes for daughter cells.
Q3

Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis.

A3

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells for growth. Meiosis produces four haploid gametes via two divisions, enabling genetic variation through chromosome segregation.
Q4

Explain the function of the Golgi complex.

A4

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion or delivery to lysosomes, cell membrane, or other organelles.
Q5

How is cellular respiration linked to mitochondria?

A5

Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. They utilise pyruvate and oxygen in cell respiration to produce energy for cellular work.
Q6

Describe the structure of a chromosome.

A6

A chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins, forming chromatin. It has a centromere, telomeres, and arms for organisation.
Q7

How do lysosomes function in cellular defence?

A7

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particles, damaged organelles, or pathogens through phagocytosis or autophagy, acting as the cell’s waste disposal.
Q8

How does photosynthesis occur in plastids?

A8

Chloroplasts (a type of plastid) capture light energy using chlorophyll to convert CO₂ and water into glucose and oxygen via light-dependent and Calvin cycle reactions.
Q9

What is the significance of the genetic code?

A9

The genetic code is a triplet codon set (A, U, G, C) that specifies each amino acid during translation. It is universal, degenerate, and non-overlapping.
Q10

How do cilia and flagella differ in structure?

A10

Both have a 9+2 microtubule arrangement, but cilia are shorter and numerous (e.g., respiratory tract), while flagella are longer and fewer (e.g., sperm tail).

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Q1

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

A1

The nucleus houses genetic material (DNA), controls gene expression, regulates cell metabolism, and directs ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis during cell growth and division.
Q2

How does DNA replication ensure genetic continuity?

A2

Through semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand, preserving the exact sequence of genes for daughter cells.
Q3

Distinguish between mitosis and meiosis.

A3

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells for growth. Meiosis produces four haploid gametes via two divisions, enabling genetic variation through chromosome segregation.
Q4

Explain the function of the Golgi complex.

A4

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion or delivery to lysosomes, cell membrane, or other organelles.
Q5

How is cellular respiration linked to mitochondria?

A5

Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. They utilise pyruvate and oxygen in cell respiration to produce energy for cellular work.
Q6

Describe the structure of a chromosome.

A6

A chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins, forming chromatin. It has a centromere, telomeres, and arms for organisation.
Q7

How do lysosomes function in cellular defence?

A7

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest foreign particles, damaged organelles, or pathogens through phagocytosis or autophagy, acting as the cell’s waste disposal.
Q8

How does photosynthesis occur in plastids?

A8

Chloroplasts (a type of plastid) capture light energy using chlorophyll to convert CO₂ and water into glucose and oxygen via light-dependent and Calvin cycle reactions.
Q9

What is the significance of the genetic code?

A9

The genetic code is a triplet codon set (A, U, G, C) that specifies each amino acid during translation. It is universal, degenerate, and non-overlapping.
Q10

How do cilia and flagella differ in structure?

A10

Both have a 9+2 microtubule arrangement, but cilia are shorter and numerous (e.g., respiratory tract), while flagella are longer and fewer (e.g., sperm tail).

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